多国宣布新的气候变化目标

多国宣布新的气候变化目标

Mixed response to climate change vows

Although the latest national climate targets to be released by the US, China, Brazil and South Korea were widely welcomed, many analysts said it was clear countries would need to do a lot more to prevent risky levels of global warming. 尽管美国、中国、巴西和韩国宣布的最新国家气候目标受到普遍欢迎，但很多分析师表示，各国显然需要采取多得多的举措来防止全球气候变暖达到危险的水平。

China’s pledge, for example, must be seen as a starting point for much more ambitious actions because it does not fully reflect the significant energy transition already taking place, said Li Shuo, climate analyst for Greenpeace China. 例如，绿色和平(Greenpeace)中国气候分析师李硕表示，中国作出的承诺应被当作一个起点，它未来还需采取更为宏大的行动，因为这个承诺并没有充分反映出已在发生的重大能源转型。

“Given the dramatic fall in coal consumption, robust renewable energy uptake, and the urgent need to address air pollution, we believe the country can go well beyond what it has proposed today,” said Mr Li. 他说：“考虑到煤炭消费的大幅下滑、可再生能源的顺利普及以及解决空气污染问题的迫切性，我们相信中国的作为能够远超它现在提出的计划。”

Jennifer Morgan of the US-based World Resources Institute, a non- 总部位于美国的非环境组织——世界资源研究所(World Resources Institute)的珍妮弗•摩根(Jennifer Morgan)表示，研究显示，中国在2030年前实现其制定的部分目标是有可能的。

governmental environmental group, said that research had shown that it would be possible for China to reach some of its targets before 2030. 她说：“这一承诺将让中国受益，而且代表着为应对气候变化作出的重大而可信的贡献。”

“This commitment will benefit China and represents a serious and credible contribution to tackle climate change,” she said. 中国表示，其碳排放将不晚于2030年见顶，这与去年11月它在中美联合声明中作出的承诺基本一致。

China said its emissions would peak no later than 2030, broadly in line with a commitment made in a joint statement with the US in November. 中国国家应对气候变化战略研究和国际合作中心(National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Co-operation)主任李俊锋表示，这个目标的实现难度不会像非化石燃料承诺那样大。

This goal would not be as tough to meet as the non-fossil fuel pledge, said Li Junfeng, director-general of the National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Co-operation. 他表示，要兑现非化石燃料承诺，中国需要建成相当于日本总能源产能的非化石能源产能。

That target entails building the equivalent of Japan’s total energy capacity

in non-fossil energy capacity, he said. 对美国和巴西而言，它们宣布的计划的重点是扩大非水力可再生能源的产量。

For the US and Brazil the focus of their announcement was on increasing the production of non-hydropower renewable sources. 美国总统巴拉克•奥巴马(Barack Obama)的高级顾问布赖恩•迪斯(Brian Deese)表示：“这是一件大事。”

“This is a big deal,” said Brian Deese, senior adviser to Barack Obama, US president. 然而，在美国实现这个目标可能面临种种障碍，因为它取决于奥巴马削减电厂碳排放的计划，而该计划正面对法律和政治挑战。

Meeting the goal could face obstacles in the US, however, because it hinges on the president’s plan to cut emissions from power plants, which faces legal and political challenges. 韩国公布的计划超出人们的预期。该国宣布，将把温室气体排放量从基准水平（一切照常的情况下）削减37%，之前的计划是削减15%至30%。

Seoul went further than expected, announcing that South Korea would cut greenhouse gas emissions by 37 per cent from business-as-usual levels, compared with an earlier plan for a 15-30 per cent reduction. 巴西也表示，将恢复被伐木者、牧场主和农场主砍伐掉的森林。在与奥巴马联合举行的新闻发布会上，巴西总统迪尔玛•罗塞夫(Dilma Rousseff)表示，巴西希望“翻过（砍伐森林）这一页”。

Brazil also said that it would restore forests cut down by loggers, ranchers and farmers. During her joint press conference with Mr Obama, President Dilma

Rousseff said that Brazil would like to “turn the page” on deforestation. 她说：“这对巴西极其重要，而且牵扯到我们自己依据森林法典作出的承诺。”

“This is extremely important for Brazil and it has to do with our own commitments under the forest code,” she said. 这些计划是各个国家和企业（甚至包括梵蒂冈）在今年12月巴黎气候会议前发表的最新气候变化声明。各方将在这次会议上达成一项全球变暖协议。

The announcements are the latest climate change statements from countries and companies, and even the Vatican, before the Paris meeting in December to reach a global warming agreement. 其中包括七国集团(G7)达成的一项协议：在本世纪末之前逐步削减化石燃料碳排放，以及到2050年时将温室气体排放削减40%至70%。

These include an agreement by the G7 group of leading economies to phase out fossil-fuel emissions by the end of this century, and to cut greenhouse gases 40- 70 per cent by 2050. 但在极其缓慢的巴黎谈判中，一些棘手的问题仍未解决，比方说如何让各国遵守承诺。

However, thorny issues in the painfully slow Paris negotiations, such as how countries will be held to their pledges, remain unresolved. 译者/梁艳裳