2006年6月

1. A. He has spent many days writing his linguistic

term paper.

B. He spent one day working on his linguistic term

paper.

C. His term paper on linguistics was done yesterday. D. His linguistic term paper was due several days

before yesterday.

2. A. There will be many people at the party.

B. The man will do his assignment before the party. C. She’s not going to the party.

D. The man won’t be able to go to the party.

3. A. He isn’t serious about the expedition. B. It will cost him a lot of money. C. Other people paid for his airfare. D. It isn’t fair for him to go alone.

4. A. The Personnel Manager is not here. B. Mr. Smith is the Personnel Manager. C. The Personnel Manager is on vacation. D. Mrs. Jones is the new Personnel Manager.

5. A. In a garden. B. In an orchard. C. In a shop. D. In a kitchen.

6. A. Half a month. B. One and a half months. C. Two months. D. Two and a half months.

7. A. Avenues run east and west.

B. Streets are in the downtown area. C. Avenues run north and south.

D. Streets are in the west side of New York.

8. A. Pick up the man at 5:00.

B. Meet her friends at the restaurant. C. Make dinner for the man. D. Do her errands after dinner.

9. A. It will be ready by three o’clock today.

B. It can be picked up at two o’clock tomorrow. C. It will be ready in two hours.

D. Only two rolls will be ready on time.

10. A. 2-4 times. B. 4-6 times.

C. 6-8 times. D. About 10 times. 11. A. Dreams show people are working at night.

B. Dreams help people look at daily-life situations

and fears.

C. Dreams can help us solve our problems.

D. Dreams allow us to have different personalities. 12. A. King and Queen = our parents. B. Small animals = children.

C. A long journey = worries about the dead.

D. Crossing a river= making an important decision.

13. A. 400. B. 1400. C. 4000. D. 4400. 14. A. Drive in a straight-line. B. Walk along in white line. C. Pass the breath test. D. All of the above. 15. A. Walking to work. B. Receiving a fine.

C. Being not allowed to drive for a while. D. Paying more for his insurance.

16. Lecture Topic: ___________________________ 17. Step 1: _________________________________ 18. Step 2: _________________________________ 19. Step 3: _________________________________ 20. Step 4: _________________________________

Transcript (Jun 18, 2006)

1. W: Have you been working all day long on your

linguistic term paper yesterday?

M: Yesterday? I have been working on it for days! Q: What does the man mean?

1. A. He has spent many days writing his linguistic

term paper.

B. He spent one day working on his linguistic term

paper.

C. His term paper on linguistics was done yesterday. D. His linguistic term paper was due several days

before yesterday.

2. M: My history assignment’s due tomorrow morning

and I haven’t even started it yet. W: I’ll miss you at the party tonight. Q: What does the woman imply?

2. A. There will be many people at the party.

B. The man will do his assignment before the party. C. She’s not going to the party.

D. The man won’t be able to go to the party.

3. W: I hear you’re joining that expedition across

Alaska. Did you get much funding for it?

M: You must be joking! I have to pay my own

airfare and contribute toward the cost of suppliers.

Q: What does the man say about the expedition? 3. A. He isn’t serious about the expedition. B. It will cost him a lot of money. C. Other people paid for his airfare. D. It isn’t fair for him to go alone.

4. M: Hello. May I speak to Mr. Smith, please, about

my promotion.

W: Mr. Smith is not here any more. Mrs. Jones is the

Personnel Manager now.

Q: What can we learn from this conversation？ 4. A. The Personnel Manager is not here. B. Mr. Smith is the Personnel Manager. C. The Personnel Manager is on vacation. D. Mrs. Jones is the new Personnel Manager.

5. M: These vegetables look so fresh and they are only

30 cents a pound.

W: Let’s take more, and how about some pears and

oranges too?

Q: Where are the two speakers?

5. A. In a garden. B. In an orchard. C. In a shop. D. In a kitchen.

6. W: Any plans for your holiday?

M: Yes. I’m going to travel with my friends from

New York. We’ll probably leave in mid-July and come back at the beginning of August. Q: How long will the man travel?

6. A. Half a month. B. One and a half months. C. Two months. D. Two and a half months.

7. W: Jack, I’m a little afraid I’ll get lost if I go

downtown myself. As a matter of fact, I don’t know my way around New York very well. M: You’ll soon learn it. New York is a very easy city

to get around in. remember, the “Avenues” run north and south and the “Streets” run east and west.

Q: How can we tell the avenues from the streets? 7. A. Avenues run east and west.

B. Streets are in the downtown area. C. Avenues run north and south.

D. Streets are in the west side of New York.

8. M: We thought we’d all go out dinner today. Can

you be ready to leave at five o’clock?

W: I have to do a couple of other errands, so I’ll just

come straight to the restaurant. Q: What will the woman do? 8. A. Pick up the man at 5:00.

B. Meet her friends at the restaurant. C. Make dinner for the man. D. Do her errands after dinner.

9. M: I’d like to pick this film up by three tomorrow

afternoon.

W: I can have it for you at two if you’d like. Q: What does the woman say about the film? 9. A. It will be ready by three o’clock today.

B. It can be picked up at two o’clock tomorrow. C. It will be ready in two hours.

D. Only two rolls will be ready on time.

Mini-Talk One

Did you dream last night? What did you dream about? You might not remember your dreams, but people usually dream four to six times a night. Dreams can be short, only about ten minutes, or can continue for an hour or more. People dream in color.

At times, we all remember a dream. In our dreams, we might take a trip or look back at our childhood. We might run away from a tiger or see a terrible accident. Someone we love might die.

What is the meaning of these dreams? Many psychologists believe that dreams are “night work.” They help us look at situations and fears in our daily lives. In our dreams, we face problems and try to solve them. We look at our fears. We try out different personalities; at times we might be aggressive and talkative and at other times we might be frightened and shy.

We often dream in symbols. Symbols are pictures that stand for or mean something else. A king and queen might represent our parents. Small animals might stand for children. A long journey might mean we are worried about death or the death of someone in our family. If we are crossing a river, it might mean that we are at an important decision or time in our lives. If we get across the river in the dream we believe we will be successful. If we do not make it across, we are afraid of failure.

We can have the same dream over and over. The dream may always be the same or it might have different endings. Our minds are working and playing, making movies about our lives.

10．How many times do people usually dream a night? 10. A. 2-4 times. B. 4-6 times.

C. 6-8 times. D. About 10 times.

11．What do many psychologists think of dreams? 11. A. Dreams show people are working at night.

B. Dreams help people look at daily-life situations

and fears.

C. Dreams can help us solve our problems.

D. Dreams allow us to have different personalities.

12．Which of the following dream symbols is not

correct according to the talk? 12. A. King and Queen = our parents. B. Small animals = children.

C. A long journey = worries about the dead.

D. Crossing a river= making an important decision.

Mini-Talk Two

It’s the beginning of a holiday weekend. Police officer Ed Williams and ten other officers are receiving instructions from their captain. They’re on a special watch this weekend, trying to prevent accidents by drunk drivers. This weekend, over 400 people in the United States are going to die from accidents caused by drunk drivers. Over 4,000 people are going to receive serious injuries, all caused by drunk drivers.

At the same time, Joe Frazier is enjoying himself at a family party. He’s been there for four hours. It’s getting late and he’s telling his sister that he’s going to leave. She’s asking him to stay and sleep over. But he thinks he can drive safely. “Don’t worry. I’m going to be fine. I’m going to drive slowly. I only had a few drinks.”

Officer Williams is in a parking lot, watching cars on the main street. A white car is coming toward him, weaving from left to right. Officer Williams stops the car and tells Joe to get out. He asks Joe to walk along the white line. He can’t do it. Officer Williams arrests Joe and takes him to the police station. At the police station, Joe fails the breath test. Officer Williams issues

him a summons (). Joe calls his sister. She’s going to post $350 bail () and drive him to her house.

This is Joe’s first offense. He’s going to appear in court next weekend. According to the law in his state, Joe is going to receive a $400 fine. The judge is going to suspend his license for six months. Also, Joe has to attend a special program for drunk drivers and do community service. Joe knows, too, that his insurance is going to go up an additional $1,000 a year for three years. Joe is angry at himself. He was stupid to drive. He’s worried about the extra money and how he’s going to get to work. He will never drink and drive again.

13．Approximately what is the number of victims of

drunk driving over the holiday weekend in America?

13. A. 400. B. 1400. C. 4000. D. 4400.

14．What can’t Joe do in front of the policeman? 14. A. Drive in a straight-line. B. Walk along in white line. C. Pass the breath test. D. All of the above.

15．Which of the following is not the punishment for

Joe’s offense? 15. A. Walking to work. B. Receiving a fine.

C. Being not allowed to drive for a while. D. Paying more for his insurance.

Section C

Today let’s talk about business…about how to solve business problems. One difficult thing about doing business is knowing how to solve problems. Why? Why is it important to know how to solve business problems? Well, people who do business together sometimes disagree. In fact, it’s very common for people doing business to disagree. But often businesspeople don’t know how to talk about their problems. They often get angry, and they don’t know how to work together to solve their problems in a good way. Solving problems in business is especially difficult if the businesspeople come from different cultures—for example, from the United States and China—because many times different cultures have different ways of solving problems.

Do you understand this point about different cultures? When you are doing business with an American businessperson, you need to know how

Americans solve their problems…about how they try to solve their problems. When American businesspeople talk, they are open about their business problems. They talk about their opinion and feelings, and don’t try to hide their feelings. And usually, most Americans don’t like it when their business associates hide their opinions and feelings. Usually Americans want their business associates to be open about their problems. When you are dealing with Americans, it is important to know how to solve problems openly. So what do you do when you have a problem in business? How do you solve the problem in an open way? Today I’m going to talk about four steps for solving a business problem in an open way. I’m going to explain each step. I’ll use Sheila and Larry as an example.

Look at picture one. The first step is to listen carefully to your business associate. To do this, you must stop thinking about your side of the problem for a few minutes. That’s it—stop and listen. Try to understand everything about your business associate’s side of the problem. When you are listening, don’t interrupt. Don’t talk about your ideas of opinions. In picture one, you can see that Sheila is listening carefully to Larry, and she isn’t interrupting him. If you interrupt, your associate can’t talk about his or her side of the problem. Just listen carefully because disagreements are often caused when we don’t really understand our business associate.

After you listen carefully to your business associate, you’re ready for the second step for solving business problems openly. Look at picture two. The second step is to talk about your side of the problem. Explain your side of the problem carefully so your business associate can understand. However, it is very important not to insult or blame. If you insult or blame your business associate, he or she will get angry. Then he or she won’t want to talk to you anymore, and you won’t be able to solve the problem.

One way to talk about your side of the problem is to say sentences with “I.” not “you.” For example, don’t say sentences with “you” that insult or blame your associate. Instead, say sentences with “I” that explain your feelings. For example, in picture two, Sheila is saying “I am worried because the work isn’t finished.” This time Larry is listening to Sheila. When you say sentences with “I,” your business associate will probably listen to you more easily. Your associate will probably not get angry and stop listening. He or she will understand your side of the problem.

So far—are you with me?—you have both talked

about your side of the problem. Those were steps 1 and 2. Now you’re ready for the third step. Look at picture three. The third step is finding a solution together. Sometimes it’s difficult to solve a problem because each person has a different solution. They each think, “My idea is best.” If there are two different solutions, and if both people want to use their own solution, you can’t solve the problem. Instead, you both need to think of a solution together. That’s step 3—find a solution together. Talk about al the possible solutions, and then agree on the one that is good for both of you. Now look at picture four. We’re moving on the fourth step—the fourth step is to write down an agreement. The agreement should tell what each person will do. Picture four shows the agreement between Sheila and Larry. Write it down so you will remember the solution…you will remember the actions that will solve the problem. Finally, both people should thank each other, and make plans to talk again in the future. Ok, so those are the four steps to solving a business problem openly. If you follow all of the steps for solving problems in business, you will be able to solve many communication problems in business—and you will probably find that both you and your business associates are happier with the way you solve problems.