【由北京市丰台区2014高考模拟改编】
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Have you ever looked toward the sky on a fall day and witnessed a group of migrating birds? If so, you probably noted the V-shaped formation of the birds or the birds flying in a ball-like
formation. Why do birds fly this way? Many theories have been developed to explain the formation patterns of different types of birds.
One theory is that birds fly in certain formations to take advantage of the laws of nature. The birds know that flying in a V-shaped pattern will save energy. Like the lead cyclist in a race who decreases wind force for the cyclists who follow, the lead bird cuts wind force for the birds that follow. This decrease in wind force means that the birds use up to 70 percent less energy during their flight. When the lead bird becomes tired, a more rested bird takes over that position. But saving energy is important for more than one reason. Sometimes food is short during migration flights. Keeping energy enables the birds to fly longer distances between meals.
When food is sighted, the birds guide one another in a different way. When a bird identifies a familiar feeding area, it might turn around in order to signal the group to change direction. Then, this bird becomes the new leader. It helps guarantee that other birds will know exactly where it is going. Then the whole group makes a change in direction, gently streaming from the sky down to the ground. This formation is like an arrow pointing to the location of food.
Scientists have also studied the birds that sometimes fly in a ball-like formation. Researchers believe that the birds come together if a predator（天敌） is spotted. The predator may then become impatient waiting for a single bird to fly away from the group. The birds will often dip and dive as a group, frustrating even the most persistent enemy. Scientists report that this is a very effective method of defense against an attack.
The birds care for their fellow fliers through teamwork. As transportation expert Henry Ford once said, “If everyone is moving forward together, then success takes care of itself.” When it comes to teamwork, these feathered fliers are a soaring success!
1. According to the passage, we can learn that birds ___________. A. move faster than cyclists B. prefer to fly in a V formation C. are smarter than other animals D. play different roles in a formation 2. When food is sighted, ____________. A. the group follows the discoverer B. the lead bird decides what to do C. the discoverer leaves the group D. the whole group forms a stream
3. To protect themselves from attack, birds will _____________ . A. break into groups B. come close together C. change directions D. fly up and down 4. Which is the best title for the passage? A. A Bird’s-Eye View of Teamwork. B. Success Takes Care of Itself.
C. The Strongest Will Survive. D. A Science Behind Flying. 【参考答案】1—4、DA B A
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 【2013界江苏省盐城中一模】
Antidepressant（抗忧郁）drugs such as Prozac were viewed in the early 1900's as wonder pills that would remove depressive blues for good. But in the past five years, growing scientific evidence has shown these drugs work for only a minority of people. And now a research journal says that these antidepressants can make many patients' depression worse. This alarming suggestion centres on the very chemical that is targeted by antidepressants-serotonin（血清素）. Drugs such as Prozac are known as selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors（or SSRIs）. Their aim is to increase the level of this “feel-good” chemical in the brain.
But the new research, published in the journal Frontiers In Evolutionary Psychology, points out that serotonin is like a chemical Swiss Army knife, performing a very wide range of jobs in the brain and body. And when we start changing serotonin levels purposely, it may cause a wide range of unwanted effects. These can include digestive problems and even early deaths in older people, according to the study's lead researcher Paul Andrews. “ We need to be much more cautious about use of these drugs,” says Andrews, an assistant professor of evolutionary psychology at McMaster University in Ontario, Canada.
Previous research has suggested that the drugs provide little benefit for most people with mild depression, and actively help only a few of the most severely depressed. Famous psychologist Irving Kirsch has found that for many patients, SSRIs are no more effective than a placebo pill. A research in 2010 on Danish children found a small, but significant, increase in the risk of heart problems among babies whose mothers had used SSRIs in early pregnancy. The key to understanding these side-effects is serotonin, says Andrews. Serotonin is also the reason why patients can often end up feeling still more depressed after they have finished a course of SSRI drugs. He argues that SSRI
antidepressants disturb the brain, leaving the patient an even greater depression than before.
“After long use, when a patient stops taking SSRIs, the brain will lower its levels of serotonin production,” he says, adding that it also changes the way receptors in the brain respond to serotonin, making the brain less sensitive to the chemical. These changes are believed to be temporary, but studies indicate that the effects may continue for up to two years.
Most disturbingly of all, Andrews' review features three recent studies which, he says , show that elderly antidepressant users are more likely to die earlier than non-users, even after taking other important variables into account. One study, published in the British Medical Journal last year, found patients given SSRIs were more than 4 per cent more likely to die in the next year than those not on the drugs.
“Serotonin is an ancient chemical,” says Andrews. “It is regulating many different processes, and when you disturb these things, you can expect that it is going to cause some harm.”
Stafford Lightman, professor of medicine at the University of Bristol, and a leading UK expert in brain chemicals and hormones, says Andrews’ review highlights some important problems, yet it should also be taken with a pinch of salt. “This report is doing the opposite of what drug companies do,” he says. “Drug companies selectively present all the positives in their research, while this search selectively presents all the negatives that can be found. Nevertheless, Andrews' study is useful in that it is always worth pointing out that there is a downside to any medicine. ” Professor Lightman adds that there is still a great deal we don't know about SSRIs-not least what they actually do in our brains.
When it comes to understanding why the drugs work only for a limited part of patients, U.S. scientists think they might now have the answer. They think that in many depressed patients, it’s not only the lack of feel-good serotonin causing their depression, but also a failure in the area of the brain that produces new cells throughout our lives. This area, the hippocampus, is also responsible for regulating mood and memory. Research suggests that in patients whose hippocampus has lost
the ability to produce new cells, SSRIs do not bring any benefit. 63. According to paragraph 2, serotonin, like a chemical Swiss Army knife, can .
A. make many patients' depression worse B. cause a wide range of unwanted effects
C. affect human body and brain in various ways D. provide little benefit for most depressed people
64. In Stafford Lightman's opinion, .
A. drug companies don't know the negative effect of antidepressants B. Andrews focused on different things from the drug companies C. scientists have found what SSRIs do in the brain D. Andrews' research has no medical value
65. Which of the following is TRUE about SSRIs?
A. They are used to increase the “feel-good” medical in the brain. B. They can work even when the hippocampus can't produce new cells. C. They create a risk of heart problems in pregnant women. D. They are responsible for controlling mood and memory.
66. What is the text mainly about?
A. The aim of drug companies.
B. The function of SSRIs. D. The cause of depression.
C. The side-effects of antidepressants. 【参考答案】63—66、CBAC
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 【2013界江苏省盐城中一模】
Detective Keeling took his client — a good-looking lady into the back yard of the store together. The lady opened a door in the wall and they entered the small room behind
the store. They crossed the room to a locked door.
The detective went quickly to the policeman’s house. Then the two men hurried to
the jewellery store. They looked through the window. The policeman was surprised. He spoke to Mr. Keeling. “I don’t understand. You told me, ‘Robbins took a young woman to a restaurant.’ Where is she?”
“There she is !” said Mr. Keeling. He pointed through the window. “Do you know the lady with Robbins?” asked the policeman. “That’s his secret friend,” said Mr. Keeling.
“No! You’re wrong! That’s Robbins’ wife,” said the policeman. “I’ve known her for
fifteen years.”
“What ?” the detective shouted. His face became pale. “Who is under the table in
the store?”
He started to kick the door of the jewellery store.
Mr. Robbins came to the door and opened it. The policeman and the detective ran
into the store.
“Look under that table!” shouted the detective. “Be quick!”
The policeman lifted the cloth and put his arm under the table. He pulled out a
black dress, a black veil and a woman’s wig(假发).
“Is this young lady your wife?” Mr. Keeling asked the jeweler. He pointed at the
woman.
“Yes! She is my wife !” said Mr. Robbins angrily. “Why did you kick my door? Why
are those clothes under my table?”
“Please check all the jewellery in your store, Mr. Robbins,” the policeman said. “Is
anything missing?”
Some diamond rings and some expensive necklaces were missing. The missing
jewellery was worth ＄800.
Later that night, Mr. Keeling was sitting in his office. He was looking through a big
book of photographs. They were photographs of criminals. The policeman had brought the book to the detective’s office. Suddenly, Mr. Keeling stopped turning the pages. He looked at a picture of a handsome young man with a familiar face.
The next morning, Mr. Keeling paid the jeweler ＄800, and then closed his office.
67. At the beginning, the lady was able to go into the jewellery store because ___________.
A. she went to the back yard and found the way B. she was the owner of the store and had the key C. two men helped her together to enter the store D. Mr. Keeling unlocked the back door to the store
68. The young lady who stayed with Mr. Robbins in the jewellery store was actually _________.
A. Mr. Robbins’ sister C. Mr. Robbins’ wife
B. Mr. Robbins’ secret friend
D. a clever thief
69. It can be inferred from the passage that Mr. Keeling cooperated with his client _____________.
A. so that he could get some jewellery from the store B. because he thought he was helping the lady C. because he wanted to play a joke on Mr. Robbins D. so that he could get a job as a policeman
70. The missing jewellery worth＄800 was in fact taken away by _____________.
A. a young woman
B. a young man C. a detective
D. a policeman
【参考答案】67—70、DCBB
2015高考英语（附解析答案）
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Now most of the computers look________to each other in appearance，but in fact they are quite different.
A．familiar B．similar C．same D．different 解析 考查形容词辨析。be familiar to为……熟知；be similar to与……相似。 答案 B
2．______around the fire，the tourists danced with the local people.
A．Gather C．Gathering
B．To gather D．To be gathering
解析 句意：那些旅行者们聚在篝火周围和当地人一起跳舞。本句没有连词，可判断本题考查非谓语动词作状语，故首先排除A项；不定式作状语且置于句首时常作目的状语，不符合句意，故排除B、D两项；本题设空处作伴随状语，只有C项符合要求。 答案 C
3．Although she said it was nothing serious，I insisted that a doctor________at once.
A．must be sent for C．is sent for
B．be sent for
D．should send for
解析 考查虚拟语气。insist表示“坚持”时，后面的宾语从句要用(should)do，该句为被动式。 答案 B
4．It’s not what we do once in a while ______shapes our lives，but what we do consistently.
A．which C．how
B．that D．when
解析 考查强调句型的用法。句意：影响我们生活的不是我们偶尔做什么，而是我们一贯做什么。强调部分是句子的主语，空格部分应是强调句型中的that，故选B项。 答案 B
5．Once he is________to do something，nothing can make him give it up.
A．satisfied C．made
B．worried D．determined
解析 考查形容词的辨析。句意：他一旦决定做某事，什么事情也不能让他放弃的。此处be determined to to sth意为“决定做某事”，符合句意。satisfied意为“满意的”；worried意为“不安的，担心的”；made意为“使，让”，均不符合句意。 答案 D
6．He trusts you，so only you can________him to give up that crazy idea.
A．tempt
B．persuade D．try to persuade
C．advise
解析 句意：因此只有你能说服他放弃……。persuade sb to do sth说服某人做某事。 答案 B
7． In many people’s opinion，that company，though relatively small，is pleasant____.
A．to deal with B．dealing with C．to be dealt with D．dealt with
解析 在“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”句型中，作状语的不定式常用其主动形式表示被动意
义，常用于此句型的形容词有：hard，difficult，easy，comfortable，interesting，heavy，dangerous，possible，pleasant等，be pleasant to deal with相处起来很融洽。 答案 A
8．He thinks only of himself；he doesn't________other people.
A．care about C．care of
B．care for D．care to
解析 句意：他只想着自己，不关心别人。care about sb关心某人，符合句意。 答案 A
9．No matter what you do，you must________your mind________it.
A．put；to C．apply；on
B．keep；on
D．put；into
解析 keep one's mind on...全神贯注于……，固定搭配；apply one's mind to，put one's mind in。 答案 B
10．What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has________？
A．given out C．held up
B．put out
D．used up
解析 give out用完；use up也可作“用完”讲，但应用被动形式。 答案 A
11．—That’s a lovely dress.You look good in it.
—Really？Thank you.My aunt gave it to me for my birthday，but I don’t____the color. A．go in for B．care for C．care about D．concern about
解析 go in for从事，爱好(表示长期的爱好)；care for喜欢，介意；care about关心，惦念；concern多为及物动词，在be concerned后才跟介词about，for，with等。从语境看，只有B项合适。 答案 B
12．John is very________—if he promises to do something he'll do it.
A．independent C．reliable
B．confident D．flexible
解析 句意：约翰非常值得信赖——如果他答应做一件事，他就一定会做到。reliable意为“可靠的，可信赖的”；independent意为“独立的，自主的”；confident意为“自信的”；flexible意为“可变通的，灵活的”。 答案 C
13．Sam insisted that he________the law and________.
A．didn't break；mustn't be punished B．doesn't break；shouldn't punish C．hadn't broken；be not punished D．hadn't broken；not be punished
解析 句意：Sam说他没有犯法因而不该受到惩罚。insist后面的从句中，如果陈述的是事实，用陈述语气；如果表示“坚持主张”的含义，要用“(should)＋动词原形”的虚拟语气形式。 答案 D
14．There is nothing more I can try______you to stay，so I wish you good luck.
A．being persuaded C．to be persuaded
B．persuading D．to persuade
解析 句意：既然我没有办法说服你留下来，我只好祝你好运。I can try及后面的部分省略了that定语从句，先行词为nothing more，将其代入后为：I can try nothing more to persuade you to stay.我没有办法说服你留下来。由此可看出to persuade在本句中作目的状语。 答案 D
15．To change attitudes________employing women，the government is bringing in new laws.
A．about B．of C．towards D．on 解析 固定结构attitude towards“对……态度”。 答案 C。
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