——如何阅读一本书笔记 15
Part 3 Approaches to Different Kinds of Reading Matter
CH15 Suggestions for reading Stories, plays, and Poems
“To read it well, all you have to do is experience it.”
上一章节，作者讲述了阅读虚构文学作品的通用规则；在这一章节中，作者针对故事，戏剧，史诗类作品给出具体的阅读指导。这些阅读建议仍然是从阅读中我们要问的四个问题演化而来。
前三个问题非常容易理解：
1. What is the book about as a whole? 这本书大体上在讲什么？（抓住故事线）
2. What is being said in details, and how? 这本书的内容详细讲了什么？如何讲的？（用自己的话复述人物角色的主要事件）
3. Is it true?这本书说的有道理吗？（这像一个故事吗？这本书能满足你的内心和思想吗？你欣赏作品的文学美感吗？为什么？）
严格来说，回答完上面三个问题，作为阅读虚构类作品的任务就完成了，因为这些属于纯文学艺术领域。
4.What of it?这本书和你有什么关系？
第四个问题改变比较大，因为虚构类文学作品的目的不是要采取行动，但是如果有些作品会让你有采取某些行动的动力。这时候我们要注意作品中是否有作者隐含的观点主张。
最重要的是：若要读好虚构文学，你要做的是把自己放进剧情，去感受，经历。
Words & Phrases (每日五词）
1.get sth across
使被理解；把…讲清楚；When an idea gets across or when you get it across, you succeed in making other people understand it. [V P to n] [V n P] [Also V P]
Officers felt their point of view was not getting across to ministers...
官员们感觉自己的观点并未准确地传达到大臣们那里。
2.diatribe /ˈdaɪətraɪb/noun
a forceful and bitter verbal attack against someone or something
抨击, 谴责; 讽刺：
a diatribe against the Roman Catholic Church.
对罗马天主教会的抨击。
3. totalitarianism
极权主义；Totalitarianismis the ideas, principles, and practices of totalitarian political systems.
4. enigmatic /ˌenɪgˈmætɪk/adjective
difficult to interpret or understand; mysterious
令人费解的; 高深莫测的; 神秘的：
he took the money with an enigmatic smile.
他面带神秘的微笑拿走了钱。
5.ravage /ˈrævɪdʒ/verb
cause severe and extensive damage to
彻底毁灭, 毁坏, 蹂躏：
fears that a war could ravage their country.
战争会把他们的国家毁掉的种种担心。
Summary of chapter 15
How to read a story?
-Read it quickly and with total immersion to grasp the unity of the story.
-Take the main characters and incidents, the relation of events and the order of actions
-Be careful to distinguish different unconscious when you criticize a story.
A Note About Epics:Great Epics are worth reading with attention, involvement and imagination.
How to Read Play?
- A play is similar to a novel, but there is one important difference. The complete play is only apprehended when it is acted on a stage. The only way to do that is to make a pretense of seeing it acted.
Read out loud and slowly.
Glossary or notes may help.
A Note About Tragedy
- the essence of tragedy is time
- imagine during reading
How to Read Lyric Poetry
- the first rule: You should read the poem through without stopping, whether you understand it or not. Because the essence of a poem is almost never to be found in tits first line, or even in its first stanza. It is to be found in the whole, and not conclusively in any part.
- the second rule: Read it out loud.
- find keys words by asking questions
- read it over and over again
感悟：
中文的诗词虽然跟问题上不同于西方的诗歌，但问题是相通的。背诵的却有助于理解诗词，多读多读，总会慢慢多一点理解。不要一开始参考注解，先用自己的洪荒之力去理解。争取今年多读几首诗。