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一周热词(2019.4.6-4.12)| "个

来源:要发发知识网

个人信用信息 personal credit information

The new version of personal credit reports are intended to better reflect a person's credit situation. They will also be used to better manage credit risks, improve social management and build a transparent and honest society.
新版个人征信报告是为了更好地反映个人信用状况,同时也可用于更好地管理信用风险,改善社会管理,建设透明诚信的社会。

“个人征信业务” personal credit information investigation

征信机构(credit agency/organization)

个人信用信息(personal credit information 

更细化(more detailed)

配偶信息(spouse's information)

职业信息(career information)

更全面(more comprehensive)

还款记录(repayment history records)

欠税(outstanding tax)

民事裁决(civil adjudication)

强制执行(forcible execution)

行政处罚(administrative penalty)

低保救助(subsistence allowances)

执业资格(practicing qualifications)

行政奖励(administrative awards)

更精准(more accurate)

降低信贷风险(reduce credit risk) 

共同借款人(co-borrower) 

个人信息保护法(personal information protection law)

个人信息权的法律地位、权利属性(legal status and nature of personal information right)

立个人信息开发利用从业规则(rules for personal information exploration and use)

【相关词汇】

个人信息 personal information

社会信用体系 social credit system

失信行为 dishonest conduct

失信黑名单制度 blacklisting system for dishonesty

市场性惩戒 market-oriented punishment

实名制 real-name system

个人信用信息 personal credit information

个人信用数据库 personal credit database

常住人口 permanent residents population

城区(urban area)

常住人口(population of long-term residents/permanent residents population)

临时寄住的人口(temporary residents )

户籍人口(household registered population)

现有人口(current population) 

城区常住人口(permanent residents populations within administrative city limits)

中小城市和小城镇(small and medium-sized cities and small towns)

城区常住人口100万—300万的II型大城市(cities with populations between 1 million and 3 million)

全面取消落户限制(remove all restrictions on household registration)

开放宽落户条件(relax restrictions on household registration)

取消重点群体落户限制(remove limits on household registration of key population groups)

高校和职业院校(技工院校)毕业生(universities and vocational colleges graduates)

完善积分落户政策(improve points-based household registration policy)

大幅增加落户规模(increase newly approved household registrations)

精简积分项目(streamline points-collecting categories)

超大城市(megacities)

【相关词汇】

常住人口 permanent residents population/population of long-term residents

积分落户制 points-based household registration system

居住证 residential permit

流动人口 migrant population

人口承载能力 population capacity

稳定就业 stable employment

城镇人口 urban population

农村人口 rural population

城区 urban area

人口政策 population policy

户口迁移政策 household registration transfer policy

新型城镇化 new urbanization

首席教师 chief teacher/lead teacher 

China will choose chief teachers at primary and middle schools in rural areas in its central and western regions in a pilot program to promote local education, according to a notice from the Ministry of Education on Tuesday.
4月9日,教育部发布通知称,我国将在中西部乡村中小学试点遴选首席教师,以提升当地教育质量。

首席教师(chief teacher/lead teacher)

政治素质过硬(impeccable credentials)

业务素质精湛(excellent professional qualities)

育人水平高超(high educational abilities)

组织协调能力强(outstanding organizing and coordinating capabilities)

承担所在乡村学校正常教学工作(fulfilling teaching tasks at schools)

参与所在县(市、区)、乡镇和学校的教育教学改革(participating in local education reforms)

发挥教育教学示范带动作用(playing an exemplary and leading role as chief teachers)

引领、带动本乡镇或学区的教科研工作(taking the lead in educational research ) 

公开竞聘(open competition)

实行任期制(fixed-term appointment)

【单词讲解】

看到chief,我们可能会首先想到Chief Executive Officer (CEO,首席执行官),当然,现在的企业里还有各种C字头的职位头衔,比如:CCO(Chief Content Officer,首席内容官)、CFO(Chief Financial Officer,首席财务官)等。

Chief这个词可以做名词和形容词,表示“首领、主管;主要的、首要的”等意思。如果要表示“总指挥”、“总编辑”等以“总”字开头的职位,我们可以用...in chief这样的结构: editor in chief(总编辑)、commander in chief(总指挥)。

首席教师是一个教学岗位,负责学校管理的校长就不能用chief了,而要用head teacher,headmaster,school director,principal等表示。

【相关词汇】

教学大纲 teaching syllabus

课外活动 extracurricular activities

应试教育 exam-oriented education

义务教育 compulsory education

民办学校 private school

基础教育 basic education

学前教育 preschool education

教书育人 impart knowledge and cultivate people

教育公平 education equality

 近视 myopia

The notice on further regulating and supervising myopia correction in young people bans merchants from using wording such as "rehabilitation," "recovery," and "myopia cure" to mislead nearsighted children and their parents. 
为进一步规范儿童青少年近视矫正、加强监管,通知禁止从事儿童青少年近视矫正的商家使用“康复”“恢复”“近视治愈”等表述误导近视儿童青少年和家长。

近视不能治愈(myopia cannot be cured)

增加户外活动时间(more outdoor activities)

减少长时间近距离用眼(less time spent on near work)

等方式预防、控制和减缓近视。

冒用中医药名义或者假借中医药理论、技术欺骗消费者(deceive consumers in the guise of traditional Chinese medicine)

采取措施限制未成年人使用时间(take new measures to limit their time on games)

【单词讲解】

近视的医学专业术语是myopia,读作 [maɪˈoʊpiə],但是日常生活中人们通常用nearsightedness / shortsightedness来表示,比如:Tom is nearsighted/shortsighted because he used to play games in darkness whole night long.(汤姆近视是因为他过去经常晚上在黑暗中玩一整晚游戏。)

其他相关的表达还有:远视(hyperopia ['haɪpə'rəʊpɪə] farsightedness/ longsightedness)、散光(astigmatism [əˈstɪɡməˌtɪzəm])、隐形眼镜(contact lenses)、无框眼镜(rimless glasses)、眼科医生(eye doctor/ophthalmologist [ˌɑfθælˈmɑlədʒɪst] )等。

【相关词汇】

近视 nearsightedness/myopia

视力不良 poor vision

弱视 vision impairment

视力健康 visual health

纸质作业 written homework

眼保健操 eye exercises

虚假广告 false advertising

保健行业 healthcare industry

引渡  extradition

Wikileaks co-founder Julian Assange has been arrested at the Ecuadorian embassy in London.
“维基解密”联合创始人阿桑奇在伦敦的厄瓜多尔大使馆被逮捕。

After 2,487 days in the embassy, the 47-year-old was arrested after Ecuador revoked his political asylum and invited Metropolitan police officers inside their Knightsbridge premises, where he has stayed since 2012 to avoid extradition to Sweden over sexual assault allegations which Assange has always denied.
现年47岁的阿桑奇自2012年就一直住在伦敦骑士桥区的厄瓜多尔大使馆,以避免因性侵指控被引渡至瑞典,阿桑奇本人一直否认这一罪名。在逗留了2487天之后,厄瓜多尔撤销了对阿桑奇的政治庇护,并请英国警方进入使馆。

revoke a student's undergraduate bachelor's degree(取消某人的学士学位)

revoke one's driver's license(撤销某人的驾照)

【单词讲解】

sexual assault allegations可以理解为有女性指控阿桑奇对其有侵犯行为,但是否有证据支持,无法确定。如果已经有足够的证据支持,正式提起诉讼的话,我们就要用a charge of sexual assault against Assange。

The US accuses Assange of “conspiracy to commit computer intrusion”, alleging that he assisted former US intelligence analyst Chelsea Manning in cracking a password to help her infiltrate Pentagon computers and download material to share with WikiLeaks. If convicted, Assange faces a maximum sentence of five years .
美国指控阿桑奇“合谋入侵电脑”,称其协助美国陆军前情报分析员切尔西•曼宁破解密码,帮她进入五角大楼的电脑并下载资料分享给维基解密。如果罪名成立,阿桑奇将面临最高5年的刑期。

【单词讲解】

Accuse someone of something/doing something以及charge someone with something/doing something多数情况下可以替换使用,都表示“指控某人做了某事”或者“以某种罪名指控某人”。如果这种指控得到检方的认可,被指控的人就会被逮捕,并进入诉讼程序了。

【相关词汇】

引渡要求 extradition request

领事保护 consular protection

避难身份 asylum status

便衣警察 plainclothes officers

破解密码 crack a password

机密信息 classified information

本文来自@CHINA DAILY

@备考CATTI整理