英语阅读理解(科普环保)题20套(带答案)

英语阅读理解 ( 科普环保 ) 题 20 套( 带答案 )

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读以下短文，从每题所给的

A、B、 C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最正确选项。

Throughout much of human history, man has been the measure of many, if not all, things. Lengths were divided up into feet and smaller units from the human hand. Other measures were equally characteristic. Mediterranean traders for centuries used the weight of grains of wheat to define ( 定义 ) their units of mass. The Romans used libra, forerunner of the pound, by referring to

the weight of a carob ( 角豆树 ) seed.

The sizes of similarly named units could also differ. The king's foot, used in France for nearly 1, 000 years after its introduction by Charlemagne in around 790 AD, was, at 32.5cm, around a centimeter shorter than the Belgic foot, used in England until 1300.Greek, Egyptian and Babylonian versions of water in a fixed container varied from one another by a few kilos, Nor was there agreement on such things within countries. In France, where there was no unified ( 一致的 ) measurement system at the national level, the situation was particularly terrible. The lieue (former measure of distance), for example, varied from just over 3 km in the north to nearly 6 km in the south.

Although John Wilkins, an Englishman, first put forward a decimal system (十进制 ) of

measurement in 1668, it was the French who in 1799 made it law. The Syst è meInternational d'Unit é s (SI, or the metric system, as it is better known) developed from it and became the official measurement in all countries except Myanmar, Liberia and the United States. Now the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris is set to give the metric system its biggest shake-up yet.

At a meeting in Versailles, France, on November 16th, 2018, the world's measurement bodies are almost certain to approve a decision that will mean four out of the seven base SI units, including the kilogram, will follow the other three, including the metre, in being redefined in terms of the values of physical constants (物理常数 ).Each of the chosen constants has been measured incredibly precisely, which would mean that from May 20th 2019 the constants will themselves be fixed at their

current values for ever. Any laboratory in the world will then be able

to measure, for example, the mass of an object as precisely as the accuracy of their equipment will allow.

（ 1） What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us?

（ 2） How does the author develop the second paragraph? A.In time order. B.By analysis. C.In space order. D.By comparison.

（ 3） Which of the following countries used SI as an official measurement?

A.France. B.Liberia. C.America. D.Myanmar.

（ 4） What will the world's measurement bodies achieve at the meeting held in Versailles?

A.They will come up with seven new SI units.

B.They will set May 20th as a new international festival. C.They will redefine four SI units including the kilogram. D.They will decide on a new measure used in the laboratory. 【答案】 （ 1） B

（ 2） D （ 3） A （ 4） C

【分析】 【剖析】本文是一篇说明文，法国凡尔赛宫举办的国际计量大会，将对当前使用

的国际单位制中的四个基本单位进行从头定义，此中包含对千克的从头定义。

（ 1）考察推理判断。依据第一段中的

“ man has been the measure of many, if not all, things

以及下文提到的用作计量单位的手、脚、谷物重量和参照角豆种子重量的磅可知，本段主 要叙述了不一样的东西被用作计量单位。应选

B。

（ 2）考察推理判断。依据第二段中的

“The king's foot ...around a centimetre shorter than the

Belgic foot 和 “”Greek, Egyptian and Babylonian versions of water in a fixed container varied from

one another by a few kilos, 以及 The lieue (former measure of distance), for example, varied from

just over 3 km in the north to nearly 6 km in the south

可推知，本段”作者主要运用了对照的写

作方法，把同一计量单位在不一样国家之间或许在同一国家不一样地区间的差别进行了说明。

应选 D。

（ 3）考察细节理解。依据第三段中的 “ it was the French who in 1799 made it law 和 The

Syst è me International d'Unit

é s (SI, or the metric system, as it is better known)developed from itand became the official measurement in all countries except Myanmar, Liberia and the United States ”可知，在所给出的四个国家中，只有法国采纳国际单位制 (SI)。国际单位制是现时世

界上最广泛采纳的标准胸怀衡单位系统，采纳十进制进位系统。应选 A。

（ 4）考察细节理解。依据最后一段中的

“ Ata meeting in Versailles, France, on November

16th, 2018, the world's measurement bodies are almost certain to approve a decision that will mean four out of the seven base SI units...will follow the other three...in being redefined in terms of

the values of physical constants 可知，在法”国凡尔赛宫召开的会议上，七个基本计量单位

中的四个将被从头定义，此中包含对千克的从头定义。应选 C。

【评论】此题考点波及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考察，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要正确捕获细节信息，同时依据上下文进行逻辑推理，进而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读下边文章，而后从题中所给的 A、 B、 C、D 四个选项中，选出每个问题的最正确

选项。

”

My two- and four-year-old boys love to win, whether they're racing their bikes down the sidewalk or just finishing their snacks. It's true that those with high status, from world leaders

and prize winners to athletes and movie stars, are people we like and respect. A recent study published in Nature Human Behaviour showed that we seem to have an innate ( 天生的 ) preference

for high-ranking peoples —but only if those people aren't hurtful toward others.

Researchers showed toddlers (aged 21 to 31 months) a scene where two puppets (木偶 ) approached one another from opposite sides of a stage and one bowed to let the other pass first. Asked which puppet they liked better, 18 of the 21 toddlers in the experiment reached for the puppet who had been allowed to pass. Because respect from others is a marker of status, this suggests that children have a preference for those with a higher status —even before age three.

However, the results were quite different when two puppets approached one another and one used force to knock the other down before continuing to the other side. In this case, 18 of the 21 toddlers reached for the one who was knocked down. As the researchers concluded, \"When approaching others, very young children care not only who wins, but also how.\" The previous experiment has shown that toddlers know about social status, but this experiment went one step further by proving they have an obvious preference for high status. Since the participants were so young, this might even be an innate human preference.

In a word, this new research suggests that young children appreciate people who do well while at the same time doing good to others. So, when my four-year-old thinks that he has to get his shoes on first, I'll keep reminding him that helping his brother so they both finish faster is what winning is all about.

（ 1） What do we tend to do according to the first paragraph?

（ 2） Why did toddlers prefer the puppet allowed to pass?

（ 3） What can we infer from the latter study?

（ 4） What should we do when we encourage children to win?

A.Instruct them to use proper and creative ways.

B.Advise them to be as hardworking as possible. C.Remind them to be considerate to other people. D.Tell them to try to cooperate with someone else.

【答案】 （ 1） B

（ 2） D （ 3） B （ 4） C

【分析】 【剖析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们更偏向于喜爱和敬爱地位高而又无害于

别人的人，这仿佛是一种本性，即便是踉跄学步的孩子也是这样。

（ 1）考察细节理解。依据第一段中的

“ A recentstudy published in Nature Human Behaviour

showed that we seem to have an innate （天生的） preference for high-ranking peoples—but only if those people aren't hurtful toward others. 应选 B。

（ 2）考察细节理解。依据第二段中的 “ Askedwhich puppet they liked better, 18 of the 21 toddlers

可知，我们更偏向”于敬重那些地位高的人。

in the experiment reached for the puppet who had been allowed to pass. Because

respect from others is a marker of status, this suggests that children have a preference for those

with a higher status — even before age three. 可知，”踉跄学步的孩子喜爱那个被同意经过的木 偶，是因为这类行为代表着受人敬爱，孩子们更喜爱受敬爱的人。应选 （ 3）考察推理判断。依据第三段中的

D。

“ In this case, 18 of the 21 toddlers reached for the one

who was knocked down. 和 Since the participants were so young, this might even be an innate

human preference. 可知”，孩子们会走向被撞倒的人，而因为孩子太小，甚至可能是人类与

生俱来的偏好。由此可推测出，人们天生不喜爱不友好的行为。应选 （ 4）考察推理判断。依据最后一段中的

B。

“ Ina word, this new research suggests that young

可知，孩

children appreciate people who do well while at the same time doing good to others.

”

子赏识那些在做好事的同时表现优秀的人。由此可推测出，我们鼓舞孩子去赢的同时，提示他们要谅解别人。应选 C。

【评论】此题考点波及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考察，是一篇科教类阅读，考生需要正确掌握细节信息，同时依据上下文进行逻辑推理，进而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇阅读理解

Researchers have found bees can do basic mathematics,

in a discovery that deepens our

power. Recently, A study

understanding of the relationship between brain size and brain

conducted by researchers from RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia showed that bees could perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction (

减法 ).

Solving math problems requires a complex level of involving the mental management numbers, long-term rules and short-term working memory. The finding that even the tiny brain of a honeybee can grasp basic mathematical

operations has a possible effect

of

on the future

development of Artificial Intelligence, particularly in improving rapid learning.

RMIT's Professor Adrian Dyer said numerical ( 数字的 ) operations like addition and subtraction are complex because they require two levels of processing.

“ You need to be able to hold the rules

around adding and subtracting in your long-term memory, while mentally using skillfully a set of given numbers in your short- term memory, ” Dyer said“. On top of this, our bees also used their short-term memories to solve arithmetic problems, as they learned to recognize plus or minus as

abstract concepts.

”

The findings suggest that advanced numerical cognition (认知 ) may be found much more widely

in nature among non-human animals than previously suspected.

“ Ifmath doesn't require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include

interactions of both long-term rules and working memory in designs to improve rapid AI learning of new pr oblems, ” said Dyer.

Many species can understand the difference between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operations, requires a more complex level of processing.

Previous studies have shown some primates ( 灵长目动物 ), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in Science Advances, adds bees to that list. （ 1） What have the researchers from RMIT University discovered?

（ 2） According to Adrian Dyer, bees' numerical cognition ________.

（ 3） What does the finding of the new research suggest?

（ 4） What can be the best title for the text?

A. A Discovery About the Tiny Brain of Bees

B. New Findings About Bees Having Numerical Cogintion

C. Numerical Cognition Requires a Complex Level of Processing D. The Relationship Between Brain Size and Brain Power 【答案】 （ 1） D

（ 2） B （ 3） C （ 4） B

【分析】 【剖析】本文是一篇说明文，

RMIT 大学的研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。

此前的研究表示，一些灵长类动物、鸟类、婴儿甚至蜘蛛都能够加减法。发布在《科学进

展》 (Science Advances)杂志上的这项新研究将蜜蜂也列入了这一名单。

（ 1）考察细节理解。依据第一段中的

“ Australiashowed that bees could perform arithmetic

operations like addition and subtraction (减法 ). 澳”大利亚证明蜜蜂能够做加法和减法等算术

运算。 ”可知， RMIT 大学 的 研究人员发现了蜜蜂能做基本的数学。应选 D。

（ 2）考察推理判断。依据第五段中的 “ Ifmath doesn't require a massive brain, there might also be new ways for us to include interactions of both long-term rules and working memory in designs to improve ra pid AI learning of new problems, 假如数学”不需要一个巨大的大脑，那么在设计中，我

们也可能有新的方法来包含长久规则和工作记忆的互动，进而提升人工智能

对新问题的迅速学习，可知， 能有影响。应选

Adrian Dyer 以为，蜜蜂的数字认知对人工智能的将来发展可

B。

（ 3）考察细节理解。依据倒数第二段中的 “ Manyspecies can understand the difference

between quantities and use this to search for food, make decisions and solve problems. But numerical cognition, such as exact number and arithmetic operations, requires a more complex level of processing. 很多”物种都能理解数目之间的差别，并以此来找寻食品、做出决定和解

决问题。可是数字认知，比方精准的数字和算术运算，需要更复杂的办理。可知，新研究 的发现说了然在更多的物种中发现了数字认知。应选 （ 4）考察要旨粗心。依据最后一段中的

C。

“ Previous studies have shown some primates 灵(长目

动物 ), birds, babies and even spiders can add and/or subtract. The new research, published in

Science Advances, adds bees to that list. 此前”的研究表示，一些灵长类动物、鸟类、婴儿甚

至蜘蛛都能够加减法。发布在《科学进展》也列入了这一名单。 ”应选 B。

(Science Advances)杂志上的这项新研究将蜜蜂

【评论】此题考点波及细节理解，推理判断和要旨粗心三个题型的考察，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕获细节信息的基础上，进一步依据上下文的逻辑关系，进行剖析，推理，归纳和归纳，进而选出正确答案。

4．犇犇阅读以下短文，从每题所给的

A、B、 C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最正确选项。

回旋 ) and zip through

One spring day, once the flowers have begun to open, a bee will hover ( bee is focused on something else entirely: me.

A honeybee has about six weeks to live. Today, like most days, her task is

your yard and dive-bomb your picnic table. While you're thinking about avoiding an attack, that

to fly as many as

three miles from home, stick her long, straw-like tongue into a hundred or so flowers. When the bee has had her fill, shell fly home. There the bee will deposit what she has got into the mouth of one of her co-workers, who will relay it to another, and so on for about 20 minutes, until the mixture is ready to be placed into the comb. Then she and her 50 000 or so mates will hover in

the dark all night every night, flapping their wings to create hot, breezy conditions to remove the water from the mixture. Several sunrises later, they will seal me off in a golden cell of beeswax. In her lifetime, our bee may visit 4, 000 flowers, and yet will produce only one-twelfth of a tea spoon of me.

The average American consumes nearly a pound and a half of me every year, in tea, on toast,

and beyond. If I do say so myself, I am a timeless treasure. Literally —I never go bad.

Alas, my good health is not guaranteed. The problem lies in the growth of industrial agriculture and the use of pest control chemicals, as well as changes in weather patterns, all of which reduce the number of flowers bees have to visit I'd appreciate your letting your own garden grow just a little wild My future depends on all of us fostering spring and summers wild flowers, thus helping

the bees, who give so much —to you, to me — without ever asking for anything in return. （ 1） What does \"me\" refer to in the passage? A. The flower

B. The bee

C. Water

D. Honey

（ 2） What is the 2 nd paragraph mainly about? A. Bees' special talent C. Bees' living environment.

（3） What is the purpose of the passage? A. To appeal for help for honeybees.

C. To put forward techniques for gardeners. 【答案】 （ 1） D （2） B

B. To talk about the history of a treasure. D. To argue against the control of chemicals. B. Bees' hard work. D. Bees' social behavior.

（3） A

【分析】 【剖析】本文是一篇说明文，用拟人的手法，以蜂蜜的口吻，介绍了蜜蜂固然只

有六周左右的寿命，但用其一世勤劳为人类酿造蜂蜜，人类应当保护蜜蜂。

（ 1）考察代词指代。依据第一段中的

“ Whileyou're thinking about avoiding an attack, that

bee is focused on something else entirely\" 可知，当你在想怎样防止蜜蜂的攻击时，其实蜜蜂完整专注于其余的东西 ——蜜，由此可知 me 指的就是蜜，应选 D。

（ 2）考察要旨粗心。通读第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍了蜜蜂固然只有六周左右的寿命，但用其一世勤劳采蜜，为人类酿造蜂蜜，由此可知本段主要介绍的是蜜蜂的勤劳工作，

应选 B。

（ 3）考察推理判断。依据最后一段中的 \"thus helping the bees, who give so much —to you, to

me—without ever asking for anything in return.\" 可知，这篇文章的目的是号召人们帮助为人 类勤劳采蜜的蜜蜂，应选 A。

【评论】此题考点波及代词指代，推理判断和要旨粗心三个题型的考察，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要依据上下文进行逻辑推理，归纳归纳，进而选出正确答案。

5．Directions: Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage

you have just read.

A tiny clue found in ancient deposits has unlocked big secrets about Greenland's past and

future climate. Just beyond the northwest edge of the vast Greenland Ice Sheet, researchers have discovered lake mud that have survived the last ice age. The mud, and remains of common flies in

it, record two interglacial periods( 间冰期 )in northwest Greenland.

Although researchers have long known

these two periods — the early Holocene and Last

Interglacial —experienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought. \"As far as we know, it has never been found in Greenland. We think this is the first time anyone has reported it in ancient deposits or modern

lakes there,\" Axford said. \"We were really surprised to see how far north it migrated ( 迁移 ).\"

This new information could help researchers better measure Greenland's sensitivity to warming, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviour. Those models could then improve predictions of how Greenland's ice sheet might respond to man-made global

warming. After all, Greenland covers 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level. \"Northwest Greenland might feel really remote, but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world,\" said Yarrow Axford, an associate professor in the team. \"One of the big uncertainties in climate science is how fast the Earth changes when it gets warmer. Geology gives us an opportunity to see what happened when the Earth was warmer than today,\" said Axford.

People might be surprised to see how today's Greenland looked during the last two interglacial periods. During the Last Interglacial, global sea levels increased by 15 to 30 feet, largely due to thinning of Greenland and Antarctica's ice sheets. However, now researchers believe northern Greenland's ice sheet experienced stronger warming than previously thought, which could mean

that Greenland is more responsible for that sea-level rise.

Finding lake deposits older than about 10,000 years, however, has been historically

difficult in Greenland. To measure these ancient temperatures, researchers look to ice cores (

very

冰

核) and lake deposits. Since ice and lake deposits form by a gradual buildup on annual layers of

snow or mud, these cores contain history of the past. By looking through the layers, researchers can obtain climate clues from centuries ago.

（ 1） Why are the remains of flies mentioned in the first two paragraphs? A.They serve as evidence that there is still life in the Northwest Greenland. B.They were one of the many ancient lives that were left in the Greenland mud. C.They are indicators that Greenland was much warmer than previously thought. D.They help the researchers realize that there was once a warm period in the Arctic. （ 2） The new information about Greenland is important because______________.

A.researchers have no idea how to measure Greenland's warming speed B.it can help researchers better predict Greenland's response to warming C.people should be more sensitive to the changes in the ice in Greenland D.it is uncertain how fast the Earth changes with man-made global warming

（ 3） Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A.It is easier for today's scientists to find ancient lake deposits. B.People are surprised at the landscape feature of Greenland today.

C.Researchers measure the changing temperatures by directly examining mud. D.Greenland holds enough ice that might one day threaten life in coastal cities. （ 4） Which do you think is the best title of the passage?

A.Greenland Used to Be Much Greener

B.Earth Once Experienced Warm Periods C.Coastal Cities Warned of Coming Disasters

D.Northwest Greenland, A Perfect Destination 【答案】 （ 1） C

（ 2） B （ 3） D （ 4） A

【分析】 【剖析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在古代堆积物中发现的一条细小线索揭开了

格陵兰岛过去和将来天气的大奥密。就在广阔的格陵兰冰原的西北边沿，研究人员发现了

在最后一个冰河时代幸存下来的湖泥。此刻研究人员以为，格陵兰北部的冰盖经历了比之

前以为的更激烈的变暖。

（ 1）考察推理判断。依据第一段中的 two interglacial periods （间冰期） in

“ Themud, and remains of common flies in it, record

northwest Greenland. 在”格陵兰岛西北部，泥浆和常有

“Although researchers have long known these

苍蝇的残骸记录了两次间冰期；以及第二段中的

two periods —the early Holocene and Last Interglacial —experienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought. 员很早就知道这两个期间

——崭新世初期和最后一次间冰期

只管研究人

”

——在北极经历了变暖，但混

合的蝇类表示格陵兰岛甚至比以前以为的还要热。可知，在前两段中提到苍蝇的残骸是为 了证明格陵兰岛的温度比以前以为的要高得多。应选 （ 2）考察细节理解。依据第三段中的

C。

“ Thisnew information could help researchers better

measure Greenland's sensitivity to warming, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviou r. 可”知，这些新信息能够帮助研究人员更好地丈量格陵兰岛对天气变暖的敏 感性。应选 B。

（ 3）考察细节理解。依据第三段中的 “ Afterall, Greenland covers 80

per cent of the Arctic

country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level. feel really remote, but what happens to that

‘ Northwest Greenland might

ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every

80%，拥有相当于全

coastal city around the world,可知，’”格陵兰岛覆盖了这个北极国家的

球海平面 20 英尺的冰。 “格陵兰西北部可能真的感觉很遥远，但冰盖的变化将关系到世界 上每个沿海城市的每一个

”应选 D。 人。 （ 4）考察要旨粗心。本文经过最新的发现

——最后一个冰河时代幸存下来的湖泥及湖泥中

“格陵

的苍蝇残骸及其有关研究说明格陵兰岛以前可能更温暖。所以，本文的最正确标题应为 兰岛以前更为绿色 ”。应选 A。

【评论】此题考点波及细节理解，推理判断和要旨粗心三个题型的考察，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要正确捕获细节信息，并依据上下文进行逻辑推理，归纳归纳，进而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Delhi has been the centre of a succession of mighty empires and powerful kingdoms in India. Numerous ruins scattered throughout the territory offer a constant reminder of the area's history, which makes the city always be a fascinating place for tourists.

With the development of the city and more and more people moving, the city has expanded several times in size. That is why it is called New Delhi. New Delhi, a city with a population of over 20 million people, has its newest problem: never before has this city met with the worst air problem.

Air pollution in Indians capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has become an annual public-health emergency despite government vows to solve the problem.

Hundreds of flights were diverted,

delayed and canceled over the weekend due to poor

visibility, schools and offices were closed Monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to try to reverse the eroding air quality. Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.

New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from crop stubble burning in neighboring states. Fireworks and firecrackers to celebrate the Hindu festival of Diwali then arrives, leaving Delhi the world's most polluted city.

The city's air quality index, which measures a mix of dangerous pollutants, registered an average score of 494 Sunday. That is the highest 24-hour average since Nov. 6, 2016, when it hit 497, according to data measured by the Central Pollution Control Board. （ 1） Which of the following is NOT true?

A.Diwali is one of the most important festivals in India.

B.The government did little to protect its citizens against the serious pollution. C.Such a serious air pollution in New Delhi appears on a regular basis. D.The index of the recent air pollution is not the worst in the history. （ 2） Who may not complain about the serious air pollution?

（ 3） Which of the following phrases can replace the underlined word in paragraph 5?

A.Sent out. B.Sent up. C.Sent in. D.Sent on.

（4） The title of the passage should be

.

A.Problems Caused by the Development of New Delhi B.Dangerous Pollution Envelops New Delhi

C.Antipollution Masks Are in Great Need in New Delhi

D.Farmers in the Neighboring States are to Blame for Burning Crop Stubble 【答案】 （ 1） B

（ 2） C （ 3） A （ 4） B

【分析】 【剖析】本文是一篇说明文，跟着城市的发展和愈来愈多的人口流动，城市规模

的扩大，印度的新德里成为世界上污染最严重的城市。固然政府立誓解决污染问题，但由

于污染严重，整个新德里处于危险的污染中，人们一定戴防污口罩，冬每日气严寒污染物

成雾霾，成为世界是污染最严重的城市。

（ 1）考察推理判断。依据第三段 “ Airpolluti on in Indians capital surged to its worst levels in years, covering the city in a thick smog that has become an annual public-health emergency despite government vows to solve the problem. 印”度国都的空气污染飙升至多年来最严重的

水平，笼盖着这座城市的浓雾已成为年度公共卫生紧迫事件，只管政府誓词要解决这个问

题；第五段 “NewDelhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust ..., leaving Delhi the world's most polluted city. 新”德里每年都会被污染淹没，跟着天气变冷，汽车和以煤为

基础的发电厂排放的污染物、建筑工地和道路上漂浮的尘埃，以及邻国农作物秸秆焚烧产

生的烟雾，都会形成浓雾。庆贺印度排灯节的烟花鞭炮随后抵达，使德里此刻成为世界上

污染最严重的城市；以及第四段中的

“Millions of antipollution masks were distributed at

schools, colleges, hospitals and markets. 在”学校、学院、医院和市场上散发了数以百万计的防污口罩。可知，政府只管立誓解决这类污染，但状况不单没有改变，反而更为严重，使得人们一定佩带防毒口罩。由此可判断出政府几乎没有保护其公民免受严重污染。应选

B。

（ 2）考察推理判断。依据第四段

“ Hundredsof flights were diverted,

delayed and canceled over the weekend due to poor visibility, schools and offices were closed Monday and officials rushed to take emergency measures to

try to reverse the eroding

air quality. Millions of

antipollution masks were distributed at schools, colleges, hospitals and markets.

周末期间，由

于能见度低，数百架航班被迫改道、延迟和撤消，学校和办公室周一封闭，官员们紧迫采

取举措，试图扭转不停恶化的空气质量。学校、大学、医院和市场散发了数百万个防污染

口罩。由此可知，因为污染严重，学校、大学、医院和市场散发了数百万个防污染口罩。 所以生产防污染口罩的厂家要加大生产 ，是不会诉苦的，应选

C。

（ 3）考察词义猜想。依据第五段中的

“ New Delhi, is engulfed each year as the weather cools

and a thick haze builds up from the pollutants emitted from cars and coal-based power plants, swirling dust from construction sites and roads and smoke from

crop stubble burning in

neighboring states. 本”句是说新德里每年都笼盖在污染中。因为天气变冷，从汽车和以煤为 基础的发电厂 “emitted 的”污染物形成了厚厚的雾霾。依据知识可知，汽车和用煤发电的发电厂会 “排放或开释 ”污染物的。由此可判断 “emitted 是”排放的意思。应选 A。

（ 4）考察要旨粗心。本文表达了跟着城市的发展和愈来愈多的人口流动，城市规模的扩大，印度的新德里成为世界上污染最严重的城市。固然政府立誓解决污染问题，但周末的能见度低，数百架航班在周末改道、延迟和撤消，学校和办公室周一封闭，人们一定戴防

污口罩，可知，新德里被严重的污染所笼盖。应选

B。

【评论】此题考点波及推理判断，词义猜想和要旨粗心三个题型的考察，是环保类阅读，考生需要依据上下文的逻辑关系，进行剖析，推理，归纳和归纳，进而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Some people sit outside for hours without getting bitten by mosquitoes, but it always seems like you're being eaten alive within minutes of stepping outdoors.

If this is you, you're not alone. According to Smithsonian Magazine, around 20 percent of people in the world are especially tasty to mosquitoes. What about these people makes mosquitoes' mouths water?

A popular myth claims that mosquitoes prefer certain blood types, but the fact is that they simply can't tell what your blood type is from a faraway place. Jonathon Day, a professor of

”

medical entomology ( 昆虫学 ) at the University of Florida in the US, told NBC it's not complicated.

\"The two most important reasons a mosquito is attracted to you have to do with sight and smell.\"

Mosquitoes are especially active in the late afternoon. While flying along, they use their sense of smell to find possible targets. They find victims ( 攻击对象 ) by smelling the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) breathed out by humans and animals. That's why you commonly find them in crowded streets and parks.

Joop van Loon, an entomologist at Wageningen University in the Netherlands, told Live Science, \"Mosquitoes start orienting ( 使 ......朝向 ) themselves to carbon dioxide and keep flying upwind as

they sense higher concentrations ( 浓度 ).\"

As a result, people who simply exhale (呼出 ) more of the gas over time –generally, larger people –have been shown to attract more mosquitoes than others. \"This is why kids don't get

bitten as much ... as adults,\" US professor Ted Rosen told Science Alert.

This love for CO 2 can also put pregnant women at increased risk for mosquito bites, as they tend to exhale 21 percent more CO 2 than people of the same age and size who aren't pregnant. In addition to carbon dioxide, the color of the clothes you wear also plays a role in attracting mosquitoes.

According to Live Science, mosquitoes can lock onto targets from up to 50 meters away. At this distance, what we wear has a huge effect. Due to their vision ( 视觉 ), people wearing dark colors are more likely to become targets.

Being bitten by mosquitoes is annoying, but don't worry. Some simple tips can help ward them

off. Scientists recommend that we use insect repellent ( 驱虫剂 ) and wear light-colored clothing. （ 1） How do mosquitoes locate their targets, according to the article?

A.By seeking out bright clothes. B.By identifying different blood types. C.By sensing an increase of carbon dioxide. D.By following bigger crowds.

（ 2） Why are pregnant women more likely to be bitten by mosquitoes?

（ 3） How does the article advise you to avoid mosquitoes?

（ 4） What's the article mainly about?

A.A new finding about mosquitoes. B.How people can avoid mosquito bites. C.A popular myth about mosquitoes.

D.Why some people are more attractive to mosquitoes than others.

【答案】 （ 1） C

（ 2） B （ 3） B （ 4） D

【分析】 【剖析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了为何有些人能够整个夏季坐在户外纳凉却

不被蚊子叮咬，而有些人一出门就仿佛要被蚊子吃掉同样。

（ 1）考察细节理解。依据第四段中的

“ While flying along, they use their sense of smell to find

2) breathed out by humans

possible targets. They find victims by smelling the carbon dioxide (CO

and animals. ”飞的时候，它们用嗅觉发现目标。它们经过闻人和动物呼出的二氧化碳来锁 定目标；以及第五段中的

“Mosquitoes start orienti ng themselves to carbon dioxide and keep

蚊子”开始飞向有二氧化碳的地方，当它们

flying upwind as they sense higher concentrations

感知到高浓度的二氧化碳时，就保持逆流飞翔，可知，蚊子经过感知二氧化碳的增添来锁

定目标。应选

C。

（ 2）考察细节理解。依据第七段 “ This love for CO2can also put pregnant women at increased

risk for mosquito bites, as they tend to exhale 21 percent more CO 2 than people of the same age

and size who aren't pregnant. 对二氧化”碳的喜爱使得孕妇很简单被蚊子咬，因为她们比正常

同样年纪，同样体型的人呼出剩余 以更招蚊子咬。应选

21%的二氧化碳，可知，孕妇呼出更多的二氧化碳，所

B。

（ 3）考察细节理解。依据最后一段中的

“ Scientistsrecommend that we use insect repellent

and wear light- colored clothing. 科学”家建议我们使用驱虫剂或许穿浅颜色的衣服。可知，文 章建议我们能够经过穿淡色衣服来防止蚊子叮咬。应选

B。

（ 4）考察要旨粗心。依据第二段中的

“ According to Smithsonian Magazine, around 20 percent

of people in the world are especially tasty to mosquitoes. What about these people makes mosquitoes' mouths water? ”依据 Smithsonian 杂志，世界上大概

20%的人简单招蚊子咬。为

什么这些人特别吸引蚊子呢？可知，本文商讨的话题是：为何一些人比其余人更简单招蚊子。应选 D。

【评论】此题考点波及细节理解和要旨粗心两个题型的考察，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要正确捕获细节信息，并依据上下文的逻辑关系，进行归纳和归纳，进而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

According to a team of researchers, an animal's ability to perceive( 感知 )time is linked to their

pace of life.

\"Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures.\" commented lead author Kevin Healy from Trinity College Dublin.

The study was done with a variety of animals using phenomenon based on the maximum speed of flashes of light an individual can see before the light source is seen as constant. Dogs, for example, have eyes with a refresh rate higher than humans.

One example of this phenomenon at work, the authors say, is the housefly and its ability to avoid being hit. The research showed flies \"observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes

can achieve, \"which allows them to avoid being hit.

Professor Graeme Ruxton of the University of St Andrews in Scotland, who worked jointly on

the research project, said in a statement, \"Having eyes that send updates to the brain at much higher frequencies than our eyes do is of no value if the brain cannot process that information

equally quickly. Thus, this work highlights the impressive abilities of even the smallest animal brains. Flies might not be deep thinkers, but they can make good decisions very quickly.\"

In comparison, the tiger beetle( 虎甲虫 )runs faster than its eyes can keep up, basically becoming blind, which requires it to stop periodically to re-evaluate its prey's(

猎物 )position.

Our results suggest that time perception offers an as yet unstudied dimension along which animals can specialize and there is considerable range to study this system in more detail. （1） What is the research mentioned in the passage mainly about ？ A. Pace of life of animals. C. Lifetime of small animals.

B. Impressive abilities of animals. D. Time perception of animals.

（ 2） What does Kevin Healy's comment mean in Para.2 ？

A. The survival of fast moving animals relies on their ability to perceive time. B. Animals with quicker pace of life have better perception of time.

C. The ability of animals to perceive time depends on their high moving speed. D. Animals with poor ability of time perception have a shorter life. （ 3） Why can houseflies avoid being hit?

（ 4） What will a tiger beetle have to do to catch a moving prey?

A. Slow down to gain its time perception. C. Stop occasionally to spot the prey again. 【答案】 （ 1） D （2） A

B. Prevent itself from becoming blind.

D. Try to run as fast as it can.

（3） B

（4） C

【分析】 【剖析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了对动物时间感知的研究。

（ 1）考察细节理解。依据第一段中的

“ According to a team of researchers， an animal's ability

to perceive （感知） time is linked to their pace of life. 可知，据一组研”究人员称，动物感知时间的能力与它们的生活节奏有关，由此可知，文中提到的这个研究是对于动物的时间感知

的，应选 D。

（ 2）考察推理判断。依据第二段中的

“ theimportance of time perception in animals where

the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures. 可知”，对于能迅速挪动的动物而言，在极短的时间内感知时间的能力 可能是生与死的差别，由此可知，

Kevin Healy 说的意思是迅速挪动的动物的生计依靠于它

们对时间的感知能力，应选

A。

（ 3）考察细节理解。依据第四段中的

“ The research showed flies ‘ observe motion in a shorter

time than our own eyes can achieve ， ’ which allows them to avoid being hit. 可知，家蝇观”察物体运动的时间比我们人眼所能达到的时间要短，这使得它们能够防止被击中；再联合第五

段中的 “butthey can make good decisions very quickly. 可”知，它们能够很快做出好的决定，

也就是说它们能够赶快办理收到的信息，应选

B。

“ thetiger beetle （虎甲虫） runs faster than

its

（ 4）考察细节理解。依据倒数第二段中的

eyes can keep up， basically becoming blind ， which requires it to stop periodically to re-evaluate

its prey's（猎物） position 可”知，虎甲虫的挪动比眼睛快，基本上是盲目的，这就要求它不

时地停下来，从头评估猎物的地点，由此可知，为了抓住挪动的猎物，虎甲虫需要时时地 停下来确立猎物的地点，应选

C。

【评论】此题考点波及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考察，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要正确捕获细节信息，并依据上下文进行逻辑推理，进而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Many years ago, my mother read from the book Blueberries for Sal by Robert McCloskey to me. I remember as if it were yesterday, hearing her voice at my side on a cold wintry night. My mother's voice changed my world.

Long before I could read on my own, she shared with me the strength and beauty of McCloskey's language a story of a little girl and her mother out in nature, co-existing with a mother bear and her own baby. The power of the story, of language and of my mother all came together. And it happened many times after that, over and over. The read aloud made me a reader.

Years later, I was reading aloud a picture book to a small child in a classroom. His life, so far, had not been easy. His childhood was troubled by poverty and loneliness. In that moment, in the joy of the read aloud, he had an idea that started something big.

What he said was this: \"Mrs. Allyn, let's make sure everyone knows how good this feels. Let's have a holiday for the read aloud\" Therefore, my organization, LitWorld, created a grassroots movement World Read Aloud Day in 2010 to honor this young boy's wish for everyone to be able to have a read aloud every day.

Since the day he shared that good idea with us, World Read Aloud Day has become a worldwide event reaching over one million people in more than 65 countries around the world. This year we are over 600 cities strong, a number that is growing every day.

Children who grow up as readers become engaged citizens of the global world, and every child deserves the right to read. When I say that reading aloud will change the world, I know it sounds

simple. But one of the many great things about giving kids access to the power of stories and sharing them together is that it is simple. It is also cheap and easily done. And the impact is huge. （ 1） How did the author's parent change her life? A. By reading aloud to her.

C. By buying many books for her.

B. By listening to her reading.

D. By encouraging her to read aloud.

.

（2） According to Paragraph 3, the author was probably the little boy's A. mother

B. teacher

C. best friend

D. favorite writer

（ 3） What does the small child's idea in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. To start a holiday. C. To found LitWorld.

B. To reduce poverty.

D. To overcome loneliness.

（ 4） What can we know about World Read Aloud Day from Paragraph 5? A. Its origin.

B. Its future.

C. Its purpose.

D. Its development.

（ 5） What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Sticking to reading isn't easy.

C. Reading aloud isn't actually simple. 【答案】 （ 1） A （2） B

B. Reading gives a high rate of return. D. Kids should try to change the world.

（3） A

（4） D

（5） B

【分析】 【剖析】短文粗心：本文主要介绍了高声阅读对孩子们的巨大影响，以及

World

Read Aloud Day 的初步以及以后的发展。

（ 1）细节理解题。依据第一段最后两句\"I remember as if it were yesterday, hearing her voice at my side on a cold wintry night. My mother's voice changed my world. \" 改变了作者的一世。故

A 项正确。

可知父亲母亲亲高声朗诵

（ 2）推理判断题。依据第三段第一句\"Years later, I was reading aloud a picture book to a

small child in a classroom. \" 可知作者是在教室里向一个儿童高声朗诵一本图画书。往常只有 老师才会这样做，由此可知作者最可能是一位老师。故

B 项正确。

（ 3）推理判断题。依据第四段第一句 \"What he said was this: \"Mrs. Allyn, let's make sure everyone

knows how good this feels. Let's have a holiday for the read aloud\"\" 可知小男孩的想法 是出去度假来宣传

read loudly 的利处。故

A 项正确。

（ 4）推理判断题。依据本段第一句 \"Since the day he shared that good idea with us, World Read

Aloud Day has become a worldwide event reaching over one million people in more than 65 countries around the world\" 可知本段主要介绍了 World Read Aloud Day 的开始以及以后的发展。故 D 项正确。

（ 5）推理判断题。依据本文最后一句 \"And the impact is huge. \" 可知高声阅读对孩子们将来的发展影响很大。故 B 项正确。

【评论】查阅读理解。本文波及细节题、推测题两种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中找寻答案；推测题需要联系上下文，推测出需要的信息。

10． Read the following passage. Choose the one that fits best according to the information

given in the passage you have just read.

How a few members of the animal kingdom handle the transition to adulthood? African elephants

These beautiful beasts come close to imitate teen rebellion. Calves spend a decade with their mothers in female-dominated groups ---- and ladies stay there ---- but adolescent boys leave mom for noisy crews of bros. In their 20s, they often downsize to smaller male groups.

Orangutans (猩猩 )

Slow metabolism allows these primates to survive food shortages ---- times when weather makes ripe fruit scarce. But energy efficiency comes at a cost; growth and maturation take time. Orangutan mamas nurse their young longer than any other wild creature does.

Orcas(逆戟鲸 )

Killer whales join their mother's

familial group for life. This lasting-relationship

seems to

increase a pup's chance of survival; if mom dies a young male (under 30) is three times more

likely to die than a peer whose mother is alive. Risk of death post-mom-mortem rises as kids get

older. Harp seals

A harp seal's \"childhood\" lasts just 12 days. A pup's sole purpose during that brief period of coddling( 喜爱 ) is to constantly nurse, gaining a fifth of its birth weight in blubber( 鲸脂 ) every day.Once it's fat ---- they become greater from 25 to 80 pounds ---- it slides off the ice and takes on

the sea.

Wolf spiders

Every parent knows that tired toddlers love to hitch a piggyback ride. The wolf spider straps all her babies (40 or 50, on average) onto her back at once, carrying the brood until they are capable of fully functional spider-hood. But luckily she only has to pull them for a few days.

（1） According to the passage, which animals take the biggest responsibility in raising their

young?

A. Harp seals.

B. African elephants

C. Orcas.

D. Wolf spiders.

（ 2） What can we learn from the sentence \"But luckily she only has to pull them for a few days\"?

（ 3） Who will be interested in this passage?

A. A student who is doing a project on animal growth. B. A kid who is keen on animal watching.

C. A zoo-worker who is responsible for visitors' safety. D. A doctor who specializes in animals' health. 【答案】 （ 1） C

（ 2） C （ 3） A

【分析】 【剖析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了五种动物成长的特色。

（ 1）考察推理判断。依据第四段中的

“ Thislasting -relationship seems to increase a pup's

chance of survival; if mom dies, a young male (under 30) is three times more likely to die than a peer whose mother is alive. 可”知，长久的关系能够增添小逆戟鲸的存活率，假如母逆戟鲸 死了的话，小逆戟鲸的死亡风险会增添三倍，故可知，逆戟鲸的责任最大，应选 C。

（ 2）考察推理判断。依据最后一段中的

“ But luckily she only has to pull them for a few days.

可知，母狼蛛只要要背负这些小狼蛛几日时间，故能够得出小狼蛛成年只要要很短的时

”

间，应选 C。

（ 3）考察推理判断。本文介绍了五种动物成长的特色，故可知，对动物成长感兴趣的人对本文感兴趣，应选 A。

【评论】此题考点波及推理判断题型的考察，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要依据上下文进行逻辑推理，进而选出正确答案。